Impact of social isolation during COVID-19 pandemic on health behaviors and weight management in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

PURPOSE: COVID-19 pandemic has far-reaching psychosocial implications for chronic health conditions. We aimed to investigate whether COVID-19 associated social isolation affects lifestyle and weight control in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS: We conducted an online survey involving 232 women with PCOS and 157 healthy controls on weight changes, physical activity, sleep and eating patterns using Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-18), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF). PCOS-related quality of life questionnaire (PCOSQ) was also completed by the patients. RESULTS: While 48.5% of all participants gained weight, 13.9% maintained a stable weight, and 37.6% lost weight during the 14-week social isolation. The distribution of weight change was similar between groups (p = 0.44). All participants reported a decrease in physical activity (p < 0.001). While eating behavior showed no significant change in both groups, reduced sleep quality was found only in the PCOS group (p < 0.001). In women with weight gain, increase in BMI values was higher in patients (1.3 ± 1 kg/m2) than controls (1.0 ± 0.6 kg/m2; p = 0.01). Among those who gained weight, delta BMI values showed positive correlations with delta sleep induction time (r = 0.25, p = 0.001), delta PSQI (r = 0.24, p = 0.004) and delta TFEQ-18 scores (r = 0.25, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Weight changes during social isolation are similar in women with PCOS and healthy women. However, within those who gain weight, increase in BMI is more pronounced in women with PCOS. Weight gain appears to be related to alterations in sleep quality and eating habits rather than reduced physical activity. LEVEL III: Evidence obtained from cohort or case-control analytic studies.

Lifestyle and Weight Change in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome During COVID19 Pandemic

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex disorder associated with obesity, sleep apnea, and disordered eating. We aimed to assess whether COVID19 related social isolation affects lifestyle and weight control in women with PCOS. We performed an online survey including 232 women with PCOS and 157 healthy controls on isolation characteristics, weight alterations, physical activity, sleeping and eating patterns by validated questionnaires. Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-18), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) were used. PCOS-related quality of life questionnaire (PCOSQ) was also completed by patients. During over 14 weeks of isolation, 48.5% participants gained weight, 13.9% participants’ weight was stable, and 37.6% participants lost weight. The patient and control groups did not show any difference in weight alteration (p=0.44). Physical activity was reduced (p&lt;0.001 for both), eating patterns did not show a significant change in both groups, whereas sleep quality was reduced in PCOS group only (p&lt;0.001). Within the weight gainers, increase in BMI was more prominent in PCOS group (1.3±1 kg/m2) than controls (1.0±0.6 kg/m2) (p=0.01). In weight gainer group, delta BMI values showed positive correlations with delta PSQI scores (r = 0.24, p=0.004), delta sleep induction time (r=0.25, p=0.001) and delta TFEQ-18 scores (r=0.25, p=0.001). Weight changes during social isolation are similar in women with PCOS and healthy women. However, the increase in BMI of weight gainers is higher in PCOS and is mainly related to sleep quality and eating habits rather than reduced physical activity.

Prevalence of Obesity and Its Impact on Outcome in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background and Objective: Obesity has been reported as a risk factor for adverse outcomes in COVID-19. However, available studies presenting data on obesity prevalence in patients with COVID-19 have conflicting results. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the prevalence of obesity in these patients and to stratify the estimates by illness severity. Methods: We performed a literature search with the use of Medline/PubMed and Google Scholar database from December 1, 2019 to June 27, 2020 and systematically reviewed studies reporting the number of obese patients with real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR)-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results: Nineteen studies were identified. The pooled obesity prevalence rates were 0.32 (95% CI: 0.24-0.41) in hospitalized patients, 0.41 (95% CI: 0.36-0.45) in patients admitted to intensive care unit, 0.43 (95% CI: 0.36-0.51) in patients needing invasive mechanic ventilation (IMV), and 0.33 (95% CI: 0.26-0.41) in those who died. Obesity was associated with a higher risk for hospitalization [Odds ratio (OR): 1.3, 95% CI: 1.00-1.69; I2 52%, p = 0.05], ICU admission (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.16-1.97; I2 72%, p = 0.002), and IMV requirement (OR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.34-2.35; I2 0%, p < 0.001). The increase in risk of death did not reach statistical significance (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 0.76-2.16, p = 0.35) which might be due to obesity survival paradox and/or unidentified factors. Conclusions: Our data indicate that obese subjects may be at higher risk for serious illness if infected and obesity may play a role in the progression of COVID-19.